Turkish-Armenian Relationship from Past to Present 

II. TURK –ARMENIAN RELATION BEFORE 1064
Although as a Muslim Turkish people, one part of the Turkish people came to the Anatolia with the period which began in 1064-1070. Turkish migration to the area began about 500 years ago, the Turkish people who came in those days, began to accept the Islamic religion when the Anatolia met with the Islamic religion. So, some parts of the Turkish people naturally accepted Jewish and Christianity as a religion until the date on which Turkish people accepted Islamic religion. While some parts of the Turkish people who were Christian acquired new identities in Christian communities, some parts of the Turkish people accepted the doctrine of which the Armenians were members. The first contact between the two societies to define their identities occurred probably during this period in the geography of Anatolia. And the contact between Hayk tribe which was gradually taking the name of ‘Armenian’ and Kıpcak Turks occurred at the same date in Caucasia. Historical geography of Kıpcak Turks was including today’s Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and a part of the north east of the Anatolia. While Kıpçak Turks were accepting the Islamic religion by joining ‘Oguzlar’ in Anatolia and Azerbaijan, the people of the tribe who were in Georgia and Armenia melted greatly in the society of Armenia and Georgia.

III. TURK-ARMENIAN RELATION BETWEEN 1064 AND 1878
The Armenians who had lived in advance under the domination of Byzantine and Rome, maintained their existence under the rule of Ottoman and Selcuklu empires with the beginning of the Turks to become dominant power in Anatolia. Armenians even helped Turkish people in the conquest of Anatolia. In this period Turks and Armenians lived together in happiness and side by side. Armenians were affected from the Turkish culture and they began to communicate in Turkish language on their own will.
Armenians had great hardship under the domination of Byzantine Empire. In fact, Byzantines did not like Armenians because of their doctrine, but there was betrayal of Armenians in the source of their hostility. So, Byzantines looked Armenians in hatred and spite and were opposed to them. This situation lasted until Armenians entered under the domination of Selcuklu. Here this can be claimed that if Armenians had not entered under the domination of Selcuklu, they would not have protected their culture and religion and naturally would not have reached today. However, there was a ban on their native language in Byzantine period in 4th century. The rights of the spiritual chiefs over people were disregarded especially after the meeting of Chalcedonies council in 452 to pull the contraventions in the beliefs of Armenians and to halt their nationalistic feelings, Byzantine banished Armenian people and as a constant policy of Byzantine they continually kept Armenians out of the area where they were living.
The approach of Turk’s Islamic philosophy to non-Muslim realized in the frame of mutual toleration. The Turks made an agreement which was called “Zimmet” that took the rights of the people who were non Muslim, under guarantee in the areas which they conquered and they gave these people the name of “Zımmi”. Along with the establishment and development of Ottoman empire and especially with the fall of Byzantine empire as a result of the conquest of Istanbul there was opened a new age for Armenians that they had never lived any period of their history. Any kind of cultural political religious social and economical pressures on them was abolished and so there began a period of welfare, reliance and peace.
As it has been known, Ottoman Empire was Turkish in origin and multinational state which had Islamic structure. Inside this multinational structure other nations had also place as Turkish did. Therefore; the first Ottoman emperor, Osman Bey permitted Armenians to become organized as a separate society in Anatolia for protection of them from the oppression of Byzantines and the first Armenian religious center in west Anatolia was established in Kütahya.
With being taken of Bursa and being made capital city, this religious center was moved to bursa and then with the conquest of Istanbul by Fatih sultan Mehmed the Armenian religious leader. Howakim was brought to Istanbul in 1461. And with the command of Fatih, an Armenian patriarchate was established in Istanbul. Just after this development Armenians began to migrate from Persia, Caucasia, Balkans, Crimea, middle and east Anatolia to Istanbul. So Ottoman Empire became an attractive center for Armenians.
This attitude of ottoman management towards Armenians who were in Ottoman Empire contributed greatly to development and existence of the society and the church of Armenians. It can even be said that the progress of ottoman and Armenian society was at the same parallel. Ottoman Empire made Gregorian Armenians became organized under the name of ‘nation’ and left them to the management of their religious leader. In his command that established Armenian patriarchate, Fatih Sultan Mehmed decided that patriarch was both spiritual and real leader of all Armenian people who lived in empire.
The possibility to establish foundation was also given Armenians to run the educational, cultural, religious affairs. Even when they could not run these affairs, Ottoman Empire helped them, completed their deficiencies and gave fiscal support to their constitutions.
By using successfully the rights and privileges given them, Armenian society swiftly developed, and attained welfare, additionally, by adopting the Turk-Ottoman culture, lifestyle and style of management. They achieved confidence of Ottoman Management. Thanks to the confidence. They took important places in public services and in business life.
Ottoman history recorded 29 generals, 22 ministers, 33 members of parliament, 7 ambassadors, 11 consuls and consul generals, 11 members of education at university and 41 high ranked officials from Armenians. There were many key and quite important posts done by Armenians. So Armenians lived in peace and confidence wit primarily Turks and with all elements of empire until the late 21st century. They did not met with any problem with and complaint about Ottoman management.
However, from time to time they fell in inner contradictions among each other. Before and just after the conquest of Istanbul, the Armenians who had come from Anatolia and Crimea to the Istanbul and called ‘native’ and the Armenians who had com from Persia and Caucasia and called ‘eastern’ or ‘provincial’ began to struggle because of their selection of patriarch, complained each other to ottoman management and tried to make management decide in favour of themselves. And Ottoman management stayed persistently impartial to Armenian groups and their inner problems. After the ‘eastern’ Armenians won this struggle, the people who were not spiritual began to be brought patriarchy, the confliction of post and rank transformed from time to time into bloody clashes. At this step ottomans interfered in this situation and prevented Armenians from hurting each other.
Interdenominational contradictions were another factor that caused Armenians to clash. The spread of the Catholicism and Protestantism among Armenians especially as a result of external interfere ions aroused great indignation among Gregorian Armenians and they wanted this situation to be prevented by applying ottoman management. Ottoman Empire did not interfere in this situation because they saw this as an internal problem of Armenians and many bloody clashes were seen among them and the Armenians who adopted Protestantism were excommunicated by patriarchs who were called ‘çuhacıyan’ and ‘tahtacıyan’. Then conflictions began among Armenians about being dependent on Vatican and the Pope excommunicated the Armenians who were independent from Vatican and by interfering this situation, ottoman management reconciled this two catholic groups in 1888.

III.THE STATES TAKİNG ROLE IN OCCURENCE OF ARMENİAN MATTER
Armenian matter has begun to be touched after the second half of the 19th century. People, who search a beginning, carry this to command of reform and the war between Ottoman and Russia in 1877 and following this treaty of Ayastefanos and conference of Berlin. In fact, these approaches are not wrong but without investigating the base of carriage of the matter in 1856, 1877 and without explaining factors causing this, relating ideas directly to the command of reform and conference of Berlin is not enough. The importance in world policy had important effect and contribution to the occurrences of Armenian matter. One of these is colonialism which was in the same parallel with industrial revolution. Another event is French revolution which affected the entire world and the fact of nationalism. Armenians saw that the minorities revolted against Ottoman one by one and achieved their independence. As a result of these events the thought of making such an action occurred among the Armenians.
One of the factors emerged out of the subject of religious ideology. In Ottoman society while there was firstly Gregorian Armenians as a doctrine, as a result of friends Catholic Armenian society and later Armenian Catholic Church and with the press of English government and studies of American missionaries, Armenian Protestant Church was established.

IV.THE ROLE OF FRANCE IN OCCURANCE OF ARMENİAN MATTER
When the books which were written as a source book of Armenian matter in Turkey are investigated, nearly all of them indicate Russia as a chief actor of the occurrence of the matter. But Russia is only one of them who are effective in Armenian revolt. Apart from Russia, France who made propaganda of Catholics, England who tried to impose Protestantism on Armenians in favour of itself and countries such as U.S.A and Germany had directly or indirectly a very critical effect on this matter. By benefiting from these events which occurred after 1840, these states began to empower their population in Ottoman Empire with the aim of patronising the people whom were in the same doctrine.
France who was interested in minorities especially Armenians in Anatolia after 16th century and began to send traveller for this aim to Turkey after 1548,spent a lot of time on especially Armenians to compose Catholic ally for its own profit in East and France reached its goal.

IV. TURK_ARMENIAN RELATIONS BETWEEN 1878 and 1890
Armenians took great scares politically with the conference of Berliner, and they took lessons that they would take into account in the strategies they would be defended later. Before everything “the matter of Armenian “was entered the agenda of international political system with the article 61st.Secondly important point was that in this period .They understood that they couldn’t achieve their aims without support of England.
In fact, England had important materialistic interest in adapting the matter of Armenian. Here, by taking the rope in her hand, England could have prevented Anatolia from being made Balkans by Russia and this anatomy from affecting population in the Middle East. In other words, London began to think that Babiali couldn’t resist lonely to Russian idea but a minor Armenian state which was the under the domination of England could resist more intensely to aggressiveness of Petersburg. But, according to London, isolating thoroughly Russia from the matter of Armenian wasn’t true. If Russian Colonialism who had realise they went on the rock in near East decided to expand Far East, than, monopoly of population of England on China might be endangered. So, busying Russian with Turkey about the excuse for Armenian Reform, and keeping their attention in East Anatolia were a wished English policy in the so called period. For, England who was major in diplomacy to restrain Russia wouldn’t be also so hard. This only could be achieved without leaving alone Babiali.
But Russia wasn’t late to realise this trap of England. The aim of Petersburg was to close rapidly the attention of Anatolia by picking the fruits of the successful war, from an authorized person, Russia wanted Armenian without Armenians.”But, Berlin reminded them of not being realized this.
At the same time ‘Armenian Reform’ came with dangerous improvements. In such a way that an autonomy which would be given to Armenians, might inspire to feed aims for the Armenians who were Russian in origin. Even Caucasian Armenians could search possibilities to make cooperation with Anatolian Armenians. Additionally, when the Bulgaria which Russia created with great hopes occurred, Russia knew that how they took sides against them, with the support of English trick and it composed a barrier that would curb the expansion of it. When the Russia stepped backward, the Armenian matter would fall in arms of England. II. Abdülhamit who was the general of the period promised about the reform, but resisted to applying these projects. But with the revolt broken out in Bitlis by American communities who evaluated opportunity of England’s visit to Van where Armenians were densely populated, negotiations of reform again entered international political platform with the attempt of England. In those days demonstrations in favour of Armenians were made in certain countries of Europe. In this period the publishing power of Armenians was in an extent that no minority groups had. Correspondents of English newspapers in Turkey did not miss any opportunity to send their writings boasting so-called Armenian matter. In their writings they intentionally exaggerated a minor event that had occurred. Just after this, England called Babiali to perform the responsibilities of treaty of Berlin. They were not satisfied with this and they tried initially to approve the offers of reference of the European harmony and later to dictate them on Babiali. Since general resisted to applying reforms, England began to threaten Ottoman to apply sanction on them. The aim of England was that they apparently seemed to compose European harmony in east Anatolia but, in fact they wanted to create an Armenian society which would be under the patronage of England. But this desire of England was not supported by great powers. Although England who was alone now brought his navy to the Dardanelles, England had to retreat due to both the determined attitude of Abdülhamit and disparity of views among great powers.
England who had lost the first round in 1895 would act more discreetly in their following policies. The fear of German who was gradually getting powerful was the most important factor that gathered Russia and England close to each other. As a matter of fact England was already prepared for the division of Ottoman Empire for along time. Even England conveyed this thought to Russia many times. The two states that preferred to solve their entente in reconciliation ended their approaches to each other with a treaty in 1907. From now on they acted together against Ottoman Empire about the interferetions of Armenian reforms. This competition between Russia and England inserted the Armenian matter into an interstates identity. By benefiting from this situation Armenians began to found revolutionary American parties and associations in country and abroad.

VI. TURK-ARMENIAN RELATİONS BETWEEN 1896 AND 1914

Armenian revolt and terror actions were introduced as ‘massacre of Armenians by Turks’ by Armenian committee and a huge noise was made by reflecting this to Christian public and western countries. With this aim events were presented to world public opinion by falsifying and without avoiding misinforming. Christian missionaries who made many studies in many parts of Anatolia, ambassadors in Istanbul and consulates in Anatolia took great roles in conveying and adopting this propaganda to western public. After the issues which were made in the same parallel with western press were added to all of these, Christian public began to adopt messages of Armenians which did not reflect reality.
In fact, the policy of their own state required adoption of these messages. Moreover, according to western people, this event was confliction which happened between Christians and Muslims, and vulgar Muslims were massacring innocent Christians. Then, there was one thing to do, it was to patronise and support Christian Armenians against Muslims. This was really done so in this period.
But, that the base of the matter was not so and under the propaganda of the Armenian committee, there lied the aim to make great states enter into armed struggles against Ottomans, was demonstrated with documents.
The reason for Armenian revolts was neither poverty, reform nor the claim of oppression. The reason for revolts was that the westerns and Russian wanted to divide Ottoman Empire in cooperation with Armenian committees and church. Ottoman Empire did as every state would do against these revolts and sent its forces on rebels who revolted. But, the suppression of every revolt was presented as a new massacre.
Members of the committees who were caught because of the terror actions made by Armenians were set free again with the help of great states. The leaders of the Zeytun revolt, of the invasion of ottoman bank and of the attempt on Abdülhamit were sent out of the lands of Ottoman As a result of the effect of great states. Later, these members of the committees came back again to the land of Ottoman to commit new crimes.

VII. TURK-ARMENİAN RELATİONS BETWEEN 1914 AND 1923
VII. C-OVERALL SİTUATİON BEFORE THE VERDİCT OF CONSIGNMENT AND SETTLING ON 27th MAY 1915
Beginning of World War I and joining of Ottoman Empire into the war along with Germany against the Allies in November 1914, were seen as a great opportunity by Armenians. Louse Nalbandiyan pointed out that the most convenient time to start revolt to realise immediate aims for Armenian committees was the time when Ottoman Empire was in war. Ottoman management who doubted of committee’s beginning to act in the World War I, held a meeting with managers of Taşnak before war in Erzurum in August 1914 and in this meeting Taşnaklar promised to take side of ottoman army as loyal citizens. They did not keep their promise and because before this meeting in June taşnaklar agreed to struggle against Ottoman Empire in congress of Taşnak which was held in Erzurum in June.
Armenians of Russia together with Russian army began to prepare to attack on Ottoman Empire. Between Eçmiazin Katagikosu and Caucasian general governor, Vranzof-Daşkof, in return for making ottomans apply the reforms by Russia an agreement was reached about Russia’s being supported by Armenians of Russia. Then Katagikos was accepted by czar in Tiflis and he informed czar that ‘’the liberation of Armenians in Anatolia is only possible by leaving Turkish domination and founding a new liberal Armenia and this is only possible by going under the domination of Russia’’. The intention of Russia was to annex east Anatolia by using Armenians.
After Russia declared war on Ottoman Empire, Horizon which was anew agency of Taşnak committee published this declaration;
‘’Armenians took side with entente states without hesitating, and gave this power to the command of Russia and additionally formed voluntary troops.’’
It also gave the organisation of Taşnak committee this direction;
‘’when Russian passes the borders and ottoman army began to retreat, revolts must be emerged everywhere and Ottoman Empire must be taken between two fires. If ottoman army goes forward, Armenian soldiers will leave their detachments with their guns and by forming gangs, they will combine with Russians.’’
Hınçak committee informed in the direction which it sent to its organisations that ‘’committee will help to win the war in Klikya, Caucasia and Azerbaijan, in the capacity of ally of Russia by joining entente states.’’
Papazyan who was a Member of Parliament of ottoman wanted voluntary troops to be present in Caucasia, as a pioneer of Russian army, to capture key points in areas where they lived and to combine immediately with Armenian troops which went forward in Anatolia.
All the commands were carried out and with the entering of Russian troops into the lands of ottoman in the leadership of voluntary troops which were composed of ottoman and Russian Armenians , Armenians who were in ottoman army joined Russian troops by running away with their guns. Some part of the Armenians who did not reach Russian army revolted by founding gangs.
The weapons which were kept in Armenian churches and schools for years were exposed and new weapons were supplied by raiding into the recruiting office. With the direction of committee that ‘’if you want to escape, initially kill your neighbour ‘’. Armed Armenian gangs began to massacre by attacking on Turkish cities and villages which were vulnerable because the men in war. Armenians who shot Ottoman Empire on its back restrained the operations of ottoman troops and, cut their ways of reinforcement, trapped the convoys transporting the wounded soldiers, destroyed bridges and ways and eased occupation of by revolting in cities where they lived. The cruelty made by Armenian troops who was in favour of Russian troops was so heavy that Russian commandership felt the necessity to take some Armenian troops apart from front places of the war. Memoirs written by some officers who were authorized in Russian army witnessed to this cruelty openly.
With the declaration of mobilization, Armenians living both in or out of the lands of ottoman immediately started action and began to massacre systematically wounded coming from war, children, old people, and hundreds of Muslims in every part of the Anatolia and Caucasia in gangs. They did not hesitate to kill Armenians who did not take part in these actions and people who were not Turk. So many actions of massacre occurred in Zeytun, Bitlis, Kayseri, Trabzon, Ankara, Sivas, Adana, Urfa, and Izmir, Bursa, mountain of mesa and in many other places.

VII. B THE EVENTS CAUSİNG THE ADVENT OF THE VERDİCT OF CINSİGNMENT AND SETTLİNG ON
27th MAY 1915
Ottoman Empire took part in world war I as an ally of Germany and the actions of revolt and terrors organized by Armenian committees were realised before, during, and after the declaration of mobilization on 3RD august 1914 in nearly all parts of Anatolia. In this period actions and revolts which were realised by Armenians were these;
These were Kayseri Armenian revolts which were organised by organizations of HInçak and Taşrak in January 1914. Actions of terror were realised against people and soldiers during revolts. Bomb factories were determined during these events. In the investigations made by government many weapons, directions, declarations, ammunitions, and dynamites were found in their school, churches, committees, cemeteries and Armenian houses, and many Armenians were caught in the very act.
As soon as the mobilization was declared, Armenian society in Zeytun revolted as they did nearly all critique period. Since Armenians of the area who were declared as republic of Zeytun by Napoleon III and were supported by committees, Russia, and France completed their preparations in advance and with the declaration of mobilization they applied the authorised people for forming an Armenian troop where there would be officers and soldiers from Armenians of Zeytun.
One of the places where Armenians started to prepare in an organised way for the revolt since early 1914 was the province of Van. The province of Van was the place where the actions of Armenians were seen most clearly. The study of committees here indicated clearly the actions of Armenians against Turkey. For, Armenian soldiers who were secret in other provinces emerged clearly in here. The claims which were often conveyed by Armenians especially for 40 years were refuted by the events of Armenians which occurred in Van. The revolt in Van was among the most important causes of the verdict of consignment and settling on27th march 1915 by Ottoman Empire. Revolt broken out in April 1915 approximately half mount before the verdict expanded and Turks stayed in dangerous situation. Governor of Van, Cevdet bey, commanded to retreat from Van to Bitlis after 14TH may by estimating that Russians went through from Başkale to van and they would be in van on 15TH March.
Armenians who were in Russian army and approximately forty thousands Armenians who were in van joined together on15TH March. Over twenty thousands of Turks who stayed in city were massacred and by selecting Aram Manukyan as a governor of van, new colonels also began to be sent to the villages. But the verdict of consignment and settling was given as a natural result of these factors by Ottoman Empire who was in war after this date.
Armenians’ actions of revolt and terror in Elazığ, Muş, Diyarbakir and Bitlis were also among the events causing to the verdict of consignment and settling. As a parallel to advancement of Russia to the lands of Turks from east in Bitlis, they began to massacre native public after January 1915. Before 27TH may 1915, seven thousands of Armenians were armed in and around Muş and they were scattered to the villages in groups. Deserted Armenians also joined in these groups and especially youths who were at military age joined directly to these groups of gangs in Sasun. Ottoman officer who went to the area to take soldiers on behalf of ottoman army were killed. With the same way, five hundreds Armenians who were called ‘’dam taburu’’ were captured with their guns in Diyarbakir. In the investigations in 12TH and 14TH March in Diyarbakir, bombs over 60, many dynamite capsules in boxes, plenty of dynamite fuses, dynamite powder and hundreds of mousers were captured in the centre of province. Although in Elazığ, primarily priests and many Armenian prominent people gave this actual direction that ‘’there are no weapons on Armenian people and in their houses’’, in investigations made by government, hundreds of bombs, over five hundreds guns, forty kilos of bomb fumes, 200 dynamites were found only in the centre of province . Those weapons and bombs were in enough quantity to blast the city. With Russian’s beginning to go forward by passing border, Armenians in Elazığ began to massacre in mass Turkish people in villages and provinces.
Before 27TH may 1915, the events of Armenian terror and revolt were realised in Erzurum, Sivas, Trabzon, Ankara, Adana, Urfa, Izmit, bursa, mountain of Musa, Izmir, Istanbul, Maras, Halep, and in many other places.
After all these events Ottoman Empire who was already in war position and struggled in many places, gave the verdict of consignment and settling against the states which were traitor to take its land under guarantee.

VII. C THE APPLICATION AND GİVEN OF THE VERDİCT OF CONSİGNMENT END SETTLİNG ON 27th MAY 1915
Even in condition of revolt and massacres which caused to death of thousands of Turks, calm and commonsense behaviour of Ottoman Empire were demonstrated with documents. But, since the actions of terror never ended, government had to take Armenians who lived various places of country to new settlements which were far from the area of war. Translocation of Armenians who composed a security border in the front of Persia, Sina and Caucasia was not to destroy them, but to secure security and aimed to protect them and it was the most successful application of translocation of the world. The verdict of translocation applied to all Armenians. Armenians who worked as a public officer and public health in Ottoman army and worked at Ottoman bank and in some consulates were not forced to migrate as long as they were loyal to Ottoman Empire. On the other hand, patient, disabled, and older people, orphan children, and widow women, were not also forced. This frame was quite important in terms of being shown the intention of translocation by Ottoman Empire.
In the frame of the commands that were given as dependent on law of translocation; Armenians taken from the province of Van and Bitlis were transported to Zor and Urfa, south of Musul and Armenians taken from Adana, Halep, Maras, were transported to east Syria and east of the Halep. By the way, as Armenians often said, 1.5 millions of people did not die actually during translocation. The statistics of Ottoman, Armenian and other foreign states indicated that Armenian population were about 1250000 people who lived on the lands of ottoman during the world war I. That how many of Armenians were taken in the frame translocation law and how many of them reached their new places safe and sound was demonstrated with documents. The last census in Ottoman Empire was made in 1914. According to this census, Armenian population was 1234671. The population who was not taken in translocation; 82880 in Istanbul, 60119 in Bursa, 4455 in Kütahya and 20237 in Aydın, and over all of these was 167778.yrh application of translocation of Armenians was made in great discipline. Between 9TH June 1915 and 8TH February 1916 391040 people from Adana, Ankara, Dörtyol, Eskisehir, Halep, İzmit, Kayseri, Mamuretulaziz, Sivas, Trabzon , Yozgat, Kütahya, and Birecik were conveyed to new areas where they would locate and 356084 of these people reached to these new areas. Armenian population in Halep was not included to in the rest number which was about 35000. 26064 Armenians who took place inside population who was replaced, when this number was subtracted from 35000, 10000 people stayed behind. These people were not killed by Turks.500 of them were killed by groups of bandits between Erzurum and Erzincan and about 2000 people were killed by Meşkene urban bandits on the road by going from Urfa to Halep; 2000 people were killed by bandits in Mardin. As a result of attack of public in Dersim on passing groups, 6000 people were killed. But actual numbers were not available in ottoman archives. The rest 3000 Armenians settled into various places of Anatolia during translocation. So there was not even one person who was killed by ottoman army with the aim of genocide during translocation. Additionally, that the number of Armenians who were taken for translocation from various areas of Anatolia and Rumelia and the number of Armenians who reached new centres of settlements were equal to each other ,proved that there did not occurred any event of massacre during translocation. On the other hand, during the transportations of Armenians who were taken for translocation by Ottoman Empire, in spite of extraordinary conditions of war, Ottoman Empire made extraordinary effort and this effort was defined by foreign diplomats. The most important subject to be careful was the subject of security of Armenians.
These precautions were taken during deportation; security and comfort of the Armenians during journey were supplied. Credits were given them to be able to settle. Women who were pregnant and patients, disabled, and people who would look after them were taken out of service. Orphanages were opened in Lübnan, Şam and Urfa. The needs of orphan children were met in these orphanages. Subsistence centres were opened to help them on roads. Mobile and immobile goods of Armenians were taken under guarantee with regulations. Local managers were made responsible for all the situations. The people, whose neglects were seen, were punished. Inspectors were constantly sent to the area of deportation.
Government made great expenditures for protection and subsistence of immigrants. In documents of application which building was allocated for orphans and where a hospital was founded was given in detail. If Ottoman Empire had wanted to get rid of Armenians, they would have done this under condition of war. But they did not do so and Armenians who settled new areas maintained their life. But only the Armenians who were combating died as a result of condition of war. As it is seen, the application of translocation was realised generally successfully as an action of consignment and settling

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VII. THE MASSACRE ACTIONS OF ARMENIANS AGAINST TURKISH PUBLIC IN ANATOLIA IN 1917 AND 1918
Broken out of 1917 revolution in Russia caused some downfall in Russian armies. Authority in Anatolia was passed to Armenians and Gregorian. Many actions of massacre against Turkish public began to occur in many places of Anatolia during this period.
Before World War I in the leadership of members of Armenian committees such as Murat from Sivas who organised massacre against Turks in Şebinkarahisar, Antranik who had fame as a monster of Sasun, and Arşak who made massacre in Muş , they began actions of massacre in many places such as Erzincan, Bayburt, Erzurum and Kars. Muslim public in area confronted with annihilation because Russian officers lost their effect from now on.
By applying Russian commander, ottoman commander of Caucasian armies said them that life goods and honour of ottoman public that was under military occupation were exposed to rape. He wanted them to take precautions to prevent this with the telegraph. He did not take response and applied to the commander of Caucasian and Russian army. While correspondences were continuing, gangster Antranik was appointed to the centre commandership in Erzurum with uniform of Russian general on. Armenians who began their actions in the area which was under the domination of Russia killed minor children, cut stomach of pregnant women, burned Muslims lively and tortured little girls. Only in Erzincan over 880 corps was found and they massacred many country people. Many vulnerable civil people in Erzurum, Mamahatun and in other villages were exposed to massacre. During massacres of Armenians on Turkish public, with 2127 male corps only in Erzurum and 250 corps killed with axe and stab, over 8000 corps was defined. The place of bazaar was completely burned in Erzurum vulnerable people were stuffed into buildings and Armenians set these buildings fire. Hasankale was completely burned. Armenians massacred over 3000 people in Hasankale.
Harbord who came to Anatolia in 1919 determined that the situation was not as Armenians had told. Harbor especially talked to Armenians who lived in Erzurum and asked them if there was any action of massacre on them, but Armenian told that there were no events of massacre to Harbord via his translator. Harbord saw the remnants of the massacres made by Armenians with his own eyes and he determined destruction of 43 villages by Armenians only in Hasankale.
In east the places including their villages and countries such as Erzincan, Bayburt, Trabzon, Erzurum, Kars and Van were exposed to Armenian massacre. Massacres of Armenians on Turkish people occurred in many places of southern Anatolia under the domination of France and England. Over 50 villages were abolished only in Adana, Sis and Osmaniye. Turkish army under the commandership of Vehip pasha who was commander of 3RD army saved Erzincan on 13TH February, Trabzon on 24TH February, Erzurum on 12TH march, Hasankale 13TH march, Sarıkamış on 5TH April, Van 2ND April, Batum on 14TH, and Kars on 25TH April. As a result of forward action of ottoman army, abolishment of Turkish people by Armenians restrained to a certain extent. With the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 3 east provinces were given back to Ottoman Empire and following this liberal republic of Armenia was declared in the district of Caucasia which was mainland of Turks on 28TH may 1918.

VII. ARMENİA WHICH WAS WANTED TO BE FOUNDED WITH THE TREARTY OF SEVR
The treaty of Sevr which was prepared for refinement of Ottoman Empire and was signed in 1920, gave great parts of the east Anatolia to the republic of Armenia. But government of Ankara who was gradually taking domination of Anatolia did not accept this. Despite their being responsible for sevr, great states did not want to make military action and to apply sevr. The only responsible state to realise the dream of sevr was the republic of Armenia in this situation. The attacks of Armenian troops were stopped by Turkish army whose leader was Kazım KARABEKIR. Turkish troops saved Sarıkamış on 29TH September 1920 and Kars on 30TH October 1920. Gümrü was taken on 7TH November. The fall of Erivan was in question. But by accepting all the demands of Turks, Armenians signed the treaty of Gümrü on 3RD December 1920. This treaty drew today’s border between turkey and Armenia. Additionally, Armenians accepted invalidity of sevr. Armenia was included in soviet unions in a short time and Turkey solved its problem of border with the treaty of Moskova which was signed between Turkey and the soviet unions on 16TH march 1921 and the treaty of Kars on 13TH October 1920.

IX. ARMENIAN MATTER IN LOZAN
During the negotiations in Lozan, Armenians told countless services which they made in favour of entate states and their loss, sacrifice to this aim and by taking attention into that sevr stipulated Armenians who included some part of the lands of Anatolia and they applied policy of oppression about matter of Armenian. Primarily Great Britain, France, Italy, and u.s.a did not approve the settlement under the name of land of Armenia .Russians asserted the idea that the Armenians who wanted could come to Russia or Ukraine. The delegation of Turkish, by reminding that the healing of fates of minorities was dependent on stopping of foreign effect and provocation, said decidedly that there was no land of ottoman empire to give them and giving land to them was in question, there were many great states to give. Basically if Turkish delegation was insisted about land of Armenian, they were given the direction to cease the correspondences. So in treaty of lozan special verdicts about Armenia was not available. That the public of the places leaving turkey can be could enter Turkish citizenship and so the possibility to turn back to Turkey were given. The possibility to reach formal owners and to bring the families into together with 6TH matter of declaration of amnesty and in 65TH matter when the war began the return of the goods whose owners were foreign were given. A certain period of time was given for this in 95TH matter.
How the debts of ottoman would be refined was defined in 46TH and 63RD matter. With the treaty of Lozan signed on 24TH July 1923, Armenian matter became a problem out of Turkey’s borders.
Coming into force of Lozan peace treaty in 1923 external relations of the new republic of Turkey turned to normal and so turkey founded normal diplomatic relations with countries to which Turkey was hostile. In 1925 the only country which turkey did not have decent relations was U.S.A. being founded again of Turk-American relations which ceased in 1917 and its being normal were in the late 1927. Diplomatic relations between Turkey and U.S.A who combated with each other in advance stayed in standstill for 10 years. Primary cause of this was propagandas which were run by Armenian groups and supports in U.S.A against Turks. During negotiations of Lozan Peace Treaty, bilateral negotiations were made between turkey and U.S.A. Two weeks after the peace treaty was signed, bilateral treaty was signed between Turks and Americans.
Two treaties were signed with America 1923. First of these was the friendliness and trade treaty and the second was the treaty for being given back of guilds. But being signed of these treaties alarmed American Armenians and with the motto of ‘’no to the treaty of Lozan’’, a much elaborated campaign was launched. During armistice years, the organisation which exhibited attitudes of hostility and whose name was ‘’Armenian committee for the independence of Armenia’’ took the name of ‘’the American committee opposed to the Lozan treaty ‘’ by changing its name. The arguments of Lozan Treaty having lasted to the late 1926 with the campaigns which was started in 1923 and was run intensely were eventually declined by American court lodge on 18TH January 1927. The campaigns run with the motto ‘’no to the treaty of Lozan’’ in U.S.A in 1923 continued between 1923 and 1965. Although the propaganda of Armenians was in standstill during this period, they were not passive also in this period. Between the periods 1923-1965, there were conflictions between Armenians in soviet Armenia and the groups which worked in favour of Armenians in various places of world such as Taşnaksutyun, Hınçak, Eçmiyazin and they struggled among each other. But later they began to support same thesis in certain subjects. Some points which they acted together were these;
-to reinforce economy and culture as a different regime from the inside of republic of soviet Armenian,
-to live and protect the aims, culture, religion and nationality of Armenians who scattered to various places of world,
-to maintain the claims wishes of Armenians in European states and in League of Nations and to evaluate ever opportunity for this,
-and to supply both in Armenia and the Armenians who scattered around world with the aid and to support them in every subject were the points.
There were Armenians who worried about possibility that the management of Armenians who scattered around world would be run by Taşnaksutyun. While there were people who supported to enter the domination of Russia, there were also people who claimed that it was no use to repeat terror actions in Russia as it had been done in Ottoman Empire. Such a confliction and erratic situation was explained in this way bay Hovhannes Katchaznouni who was the first prime minister of Armenia:
‘’ It is a minor community between Arak and Savan, namely independent but in fact an autonomous province of Russia. From now on there are neither land of Armenia nor an international Armenian matter. This matter was closed just in Lozan. From now on there are no Armenians in east provinces of Turkey. There can not be from now on. Turks have closed their doors tightly. We do not have power to force this to open. About one million people are in the borders of the republic of Armenia. Over one million of people are out and in scattered position. Very few of Armenian population can come to the land of the republic of Armenia. Because initially the area is very narrow and then they trade in the areas where they live and can not live in Armenia. We can reach this result at first sight;
Armenians who lived out of their lands are not beneficial element for us. As long as this situation continues, they are like stepsons of our republic. Taşnaksagan committees approached to revolutionist Bolşeviks and did not find intimacy of them. Were our actions not followed by governments of sultan in Ottoman Empire and government of czar in Russia? Can’t we do the same thing which we did in Ottoman Empire now in the republic of Armenia? Certainly we can do also this: we can found home in Persia Karadağ and from this we can pass people and weapons to other side of Aras River and we can found secret relations and reserve armed gangs. We have enough power to kill and throw communists living on the hills of Şaşak and so on. We do noisy demonstrations and occupy a formal building in Erivan as we captured ottoman bank in Istanbul and organise massacres. As we killed the men of czar, we can kill a few bolşevic people. As we bombed the sultan Hamid, we can apply the same thins to Russian managers. But why will we do these?
When we did these actions in Ottoman Empire, we knew and believed that they would come to support us and we would take their friendly attention on us. Now there is no such a support, it is now also not important and we do not need to attempt these actions. If the allies can not or do not want to help about the subject whom we wanted from Turkey, then from now on we have to understand that they will not want to do more. Now Russia also can not help us. So we must leave the event to Russia. Basically Bolşeviks had not occupied Armenia; we would have to call them’’
Sa the first prime minister of Armenia expressed, Armenians who crept into its own skin after World war I began to wait new expectations through, during and late world war 2. As it had been in conference of Lozan, they sent telegraphs and letters to their older supporters and tried to benefit form opportunities. For this aim, the members of Taşnak sent new letters to president of America on 23RD September 1944 and foreign minister of England on 25TH February 1946, and they gave diplomatic notes to many states about this subject. By applying conference of foreign ministers in December 1945, new Armenian Katagiko wanted the guarantee of turning back of Armenians who live out of the land of Armenia and compensations of their unfairness which they faced during World War I.
These actions made in every country where Armenians lived with, the expression of Tharassian, this new jumping and this new applications made to international foundations were supported by soviet news agency. With these applications, Armenians achieved nothing. By showing the event of consignment and settling as a great disaster of genocide, Armenians selected the way to unite Armenian society around this.

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